| Power looms Fabric Made by power loom machine is good for print purpose . |
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| Auto looms Fabric Made by power auto loom is dying purpose specially for light colors . |
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| Sulzer looms Fabric Made by power sulzer loom is dying purpose specially for light colors . |
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| Air Jet looms Fabric Made by power Air Jet loom is dying purpose specially for very sophisticated printing . |
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| Bleaching The next process of decolorization of greige material in to a suitable material for next processing is called bleaching. Bleaching of textiles can be classified in to oxidative bleaching and reductive bleaching. |
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| Oxidative bleaching Generally oxidative bleachings are carried out using sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite or hydrogen peroxide. Natural fibres like cotton,ramie, jute, wool, bamboo are all generally bleached with oxidative methods. |
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| Reductive bleaching Reductive method of bleaching is done with Sodium hydrosulphite, a powerful reducing agent. Fibres like Polyamide, Polyacrylics and Polyacetates can be bleached using reductive bleaching technology. |
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| Optical whiteners After scouring and bleaching, Optical Brightening Agents (OBA), are applied to make the textile material to appear more brilliant whites. These OBA are available in different tints such as blue, violet and red. |
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| Dyeing Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. After dyeing, dye molecules have uncut Chemical bond with fiber molecules. Thetemperature and time controlling are two key factors in dyeing. There are mainly two classes of dye, natural and man-made. Pigment dyeing is an electrical process whereby the goods to be dyed are given an electrical charge opposite that of the pigment. When the pigment is added to the bath, the opposite electrical charges attract each other, much like the north and the south poles of two magnets. Because of the electrical nature of the process. A typical recipe for cationizing Step • Cationic Imparting Agent • Wetter • Acetic Acid for pH control The cationic agent is applied with a wetting agent and acetic acid onto the fabric in the batch or commercial dyeing machine. After a period of time, the fabric is rinsed. 2.Pigment exhaustion on the fabric The pigments are first mixed with water and a dispersing agent that imparts an anionic charge to the pigments. This solution is added gradually to the dyeing machine. The temperature of the bath is slowly increased and the machine is held at the dyeing temperature for up to 20 minutes. The fabric is held at an elevated temperature to increase the adsorption of the pigments. A typical recipe for this step • Pigment colorants • Dispersing agent 3.Binder application :-A binder used in the exhaust pigment dyeing procedure for fixing pigment colors.Binders are commonly acrylic polymers with nonionic and cationic nature. It improves crock and wash fastness.After the pigment is exhausted , the binder is fed into the dyeing machine and exhausted onto the fabric over a period of time. Acetic acid is added to the bath, which facilitates binder polymerization, then the fabric is rinsed, the dyeing machine is drained, and the fabric is extracted. |
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| Reactive dye In a reactive dye a chromophore contains a substituent that is activated and allowed to directly react to the surface of the substrate. Reactive dyes have good fastness properties owing to the bonding that occurs during dyeing. Reactive dyes are most commonly used in dyeing of cellulose like cotton or flax, but also wool is dyeable with reactive dyes |
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| Vat dye The process "vat dyeing" refers to dyeing in a bucket or vat. It can be performed whenever a liquid, even shade over the entire garment is desired. Almost any dye can be used, including fiber reactive dyes, direct dyes, and acid dyes. One alternative to vat dyeing is direct dye application, such as the process used for tie dyeing. "Vat dyes" are a special class of dyes that work with a special chemistry. Cotton, wool, and other fibers can be all dyed with vat dyes. Note that not all vat dyeing is done with vat dyes. Most vat dyes are less suitable than fiber reactive dyes for the home dyers, as they are difficult to work with; they require a reducing agent to solubilize them. The dye is soluble only in its reduced (oxygen-free) form. The fiber is immersed repeatedly in this oxygen-free dyebath, then exposed to the air, whereupon the water-soluble reduced form changes color as oxygen turns it to the water-insoluble form. Indigo is an example of this dye class; it changes from yellow, in the dyebath, to green and then blue as the air hits it. |
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